Inputs
m
degrees
kPa
kN/m³
kPa (uniform)
m (large = none)
degrees (Coulomb)
degrees from horiz. (Coulomb)
degrees (Coulomb)
Method & assumptions
- Rankine active: Ka = tan²(45 − φ/2). Passive: Kp = 1/Ka.
- At-rest: K0 = 1 − sin φ (Jaky).
- Coulomb K_a (Mueller-Breslau form): full geometric factors α, β, δ.
- Cohesive: σ_a = K_a·σ_v − 2c·√K_a; tensile zone z_c = 2c/(γ·√K_a) — total active force from depth z_c to H.
- Surcharge: ΔP_q = K·q·H; resultant at H/2.
- Water: hydrostatic γ_w·z added below GWT; soil γ becomes buoyant.
Results (per metre length)
Coefficient K—
Tension Crack Depth zc—
σ at top of wall—
σ at base of wall—
Force from soil Psoil—
Force from surcharge Pq—
Force from water Pw—
Total Resultant P—
y̅ (from base)—